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Portrait of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (cos. 46)

Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (cos. 46)

Second triumvirate with Octavius and Mark Anthony

🏛️ Career

  1. 59 BCE
    (aged 31)
    Quaestor

    Broughton: Served under C. Octavius in Macedonia (a).

    Sources (1)
    • Broughton, MRR2
      • (a) Cic. Vat. 25; Att. 2.24.2; Schol. Bob. 149 Stangl
    Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

    C. Julius Caesar (3 years; raw 7.00, base 0.700, final 0.700): 59 BCE (Consul) , 49 BCE (Dictator) , 46 BCE (Consul, Dictator)

    M. Favonius (2 years; raw 5.00, base 0.500, final 0.500): 59 BCE (Quaestor) , 49 BCE (Praetor)

    L. Munatius Plancus (1 year; raw 4.00, base 0.400, final 0.400): 42 BCE (Consul)

    A. Allienus (1 year; raw 3.00, base 0.300, final 0.300): 49 BCE (Praetor)

    C. Coponius (1 year; raw 3.00, base 0.300, final 0.300): 49 BCE (Praetor)

  2. 53 BCE
    (aged 37)
    Aedile ·curule

    Broughton: Since all known Interreges had held curule office, Seidel (FA 70) suggests that Lepidus had held the curule aedileship before 52.

    Sources (1)
    • Broughton, MRR2
    Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

    C. Julius Caesar (3 years; raw 7.00, base 0.700, final 0.700): 59 BCE (Consul) , 49 BCE (Dictator) , 46 BCE (Consul, Dictator)

    M. Favonius (2 years; raw 5.00, base 0.500, final 0.500): 59 BCE (Quaestor) , 49 BCE (Praetor)

    L. Munatius Plancus (1 year; raw 4.00, base 0.400, final 0.400): 42 BCE (Consul)

    A. Allienus (1 year; raw 3.00, base 0.300, final 0.300): 49 BCE (Praetor)

    C. Coponius (1 year; raw 3.00, base 0.300, final 0.300): 49 BCE (Praetor)

  3. 49 BCE
    (aged 41)
    Praetor

    Broughton: Caesar left him in charge in Rome (a). He carried the measure naming Caesar Dictator (see above, Dictator).

    Sources (1)
    Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

    C. Julius Caesar (3 years; raw 7.00, base 0.700, final 0.700): 59 BCE (Consul) , 49 BCE (Dictator) , 46 BCE (Consul, Dictator)

    M. Favonius (2 years; raw 5.00, base 0.500, final 0.500): 59 BCE (Quaestor) , 49 BCE (Praetor)

    L. Munatius Plancus (1 year; raw 4.00, base 0.400, final 0.400): 42 BCE (Consul)

    A. Allienus (1 year; raw 3.00, base 0.300, final 0.300): 49 BCE (Praetor)

    C. Coponius (1 year; raw 3.00, base 0.300, final 0.300): 49 BCE (Praetor)

  4. 46 BCE
    (aged 44)
    Consul · Co-consul: C. Julius Caesar

    Broughton: During this year Caesar crushed the Pompeian forces in Africa (a), and returned to Rome to celebrate four triumphs, for his victories in each of Gaul, Egypt, Pontus, and Africa (b). It is not always possible to distinguish which of Caesar's measures were initiated in 46, and which belong to 45 or 44. In any case many were still incomplete at his death. We may note the following items: 1. his reform of the calendar (c); 2. provision that juries should consist only of senators and knights (d); 3. provision that praetorian governors of provinces should serve for only one year, and consular governors for two (e); 4. abolition of collegia, except those of ancient foundation (f); 5. persons condemned de vi and de maiestate were to be interdicted from fire and water (g); 6. sumptuary laws which limited the expenses of banquets, the use of litters, etc. (h); 7. prizes for large families (i); 8. Cleopatra of Egypt was made a friend and ally of Rome (j). He also advanced large building enterprises, such as the Basilica Iulia and the Iulian Forum (k), reduced the number of recipients of public grain (l), and carried on through this year and until his death a huge program of colonization and settlement of veterans, as well as colonization of the poor of the city (m). He left Rome in the second intercalary month for his final campaign with the Pompeians in Spain (see 45, Consuls). Lepidus held the election at which Caesar became Consul for the fourth time (n). (o)

    Sources (16)
    • Broughton, MRR2
      • CIL 12.2.940, 941; AJA 44 (1940) 358-Ann. Epig. 1947, no. 5; Bull. Com. 68 (1940) 200, no. 1; Fast. Cap., Degrassi 56f., 133, 498f.; Fast. Ost., ibid. 180, 182f.; Fast. Amer., ibid. 242; Fast. Cupr., ibid. 244; Fast. Pomp., ibid. 272; Plut. Caes. 51. 1; Ant. 10. 1; Censorin. DN 20.8; Dio 43, Index, 1.1, and 33.1; Eutrop. 6.23.1; Obseq. 66; Chr. 354; Fad. Hyd.; Chr. Pasc.; Oros. 6.16.3; Cassiod.; Zonar. 10.10; on Lepidus, Cic. Fam. 13.26.3; and on Caesar, Suet. Iul. 76.2; IG 7.1835; and coins, Grueber, CRRBM 1.525f., C. Caesar, Cos. Ter.; and 2.576, Dict. iter., Cos. tert. See below, Dictator.
      • (a) Bell. Afr.; Liv. Per. 114; Vell. 2.55.1-2; Suet. Iul. 35.2; Plut. Caes. 52-54; Cat. Min. 57-73; App. BC 2.95-100; Flor. 2.13.64-72; Dio 43.1-14; Eutrop. 6.23; Oros. 6.16.3-5; Zonar. 10.10
      • (b) Liv. Per. 115; Vell. 2.56.1-2; Plin. NH 9.171; 14.97; 19.144; Suet. Iul. 37, and 49.4, and 54.3; Aug. 8.1; Plut. Caes. 55; App. 2.101-102; Flor. 2.13.88-89; Dio 43.14.3, and 19.24; Oros. 6.16.6; Zonar. 10.10; and on Gaul, Fast. Cupr., Degrassi 244
      • (c) Suet. Iul. 40; Censorin. DN 20.4; Macrob. 1.13.12-13; cf. Plut. Caes. 59; Plin. NH 18.211; Dio, 43.26
      • (d) Suet. Iul. 41.2; Dio 43.25.1; cf. Cic. Phil. 1.19
      • (e) Dio 43.25.3; cf. Cic. Phil. 1.19; see Sternkopf, Hermes 57 [1912] 321-349
      • (f) Suet. Iul. 42.3; cf. on his favors to the Jews, Joseph. AJ 14.213ff., esp. 215
      • (g) Cic. Phil. 1.23
      • (h) Cic. Fam. 9.25.5, and 26.4; Suet. Iul. 43; Dio 43.25.2; Jerome, Chr. ad ann. 46, p. 156 Helm
      • (i) Dio 43.25.2
      • (j) Dio 43.27.3; cf. App. BC 2.102
      • (k) Res Gest. D. Aug. 20; Plin. NH 36.103; Plut. Caes. 29.3; Dio 43.22.2-3, the dedication of the Forum and the Temple of Venus Genetrix
      • (l) Suet. Iul. 41.3; cf. Plut. Caes. 55.3; App. BC 2.102; Dio 43.21.4
      • (m) Suet. Iul. 42. 1, settled 80,000 people overseas; Law of Urso, FIRA 1.177-198, no. 21, in 45; Carthage, Strabo 17.3.15; Plut. Caes. 57.3; App. Pun. 136; Dio 43.50.3; Corinth, Diod. 32.27.1-3; Strabo 8.6.23; Plin. NH 4.4; Mela 2.48; Plut. Caes. 57.3; App. Pun. 136; Dio 43.50.3-4; Narbo and Arelate, see Legates, on Ti. Claudius Nero; on allotments to soldiers, see Cic. Fam. 9.17.2, and 18.4; at Captia, Suet. Iut. 81.1; and on his colonial commissioners, see 45, Legates, on Valerius Orca, Prefects, on C. Clovius; 44, Prefects, on L. Plotius Plancus; on his settlements in Africa, see Gsell, Hist. Anc. Afrique Nord 8.172-182, and Broughton, Romanization Afr. Proconsularis 47ff.; in Asia Minor, Broughton, ESAR 4.582; and cf. below, Promagistrates, on P. Sulpicius Rufus; in Spain, Sutherland, Roman Spain 115-131
      • (n) Dio 43.33.1
      • (o) A full citation of sources in RE 10.246-247, and esp. D.-G. 3.546565. See chiefly Liv. Per. 115; Suet. Iul. 38-44; Plut. Caes. 55, and 58-59; Censorin. DN 20.8-12; App. BC 2.101-102; Dio 43.20-28; and cf. Cic. Pro Marco Marcello; Fam. 4.4; Sall. Ad Caes. 1, esp. 1.5-8.
    Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

    C. Julius Caesar (3 years; raw 7.00, base 0.700, final 0.700): 59 BCE (Consul) , 49 BCE (Dictator) , 46 BCE (Consul, Dictator)

    M. Favonius (2 years; raw 5.00, base 0.500, final 0.500): 59 BCE (Quaestor) , 49 BCE (Praetor)

    L. Munatius Plancus (1 year; raw 4.00, base 0.400, final 0.400): 42 BCE (Consul)

    A. Allienus (1 year; raw 3.00, base 0.300, final 0.300): 49 BCE (Praetor)

    C. Coponius (1 year; raw 3.00, base 0.300, final 0.300): 49 BCE (Praetor)

  5. 42 BCE
    (aged 48)
    Consul · Co-consul: L. Munatius Plancus

    Broughton: The Consuls carried a law regarding grants of citizenship and immunity (a); and Plancus, besides saving some of the proscribed (b), began to distribute land to soldiers at Beneventum. (c). On Lepidus, see Triumviri R.P.C.

    Sources (4)
    • Broughton, MRR2
      • Bull. Com. 68 (1940) 200. no. 2; Fast. Amit., Degrassi 170f.; Fad. Amer., ibid. 242; Fast. Colot., ibid. 273f., Fast. Mag. Vic.; ibid. 282f.; and see also ibid. 135 and 504f.; Vell. 2.67.3-4; Plin. NH 2.99; Suet. Tib. 5; Dio 47, Index, and 16.1; Obseq. 70; Chr. 354; Fast. Hyd.; Chr. Pasc.; Cassiod.; Zonar. 10. 18; on Lepidus, App. BC 4.3; on Plancus, as Cos. Desig., Cic. Fam. 10.6.1 and 3; 10.8, prescript, and 20.2; 11.15.1; Phil. 3.38; Vell. 2.63.3; Dio 46.53.1; and as Cos., CIL 6.1316-ILS 41; 10.6087-ILS 886; App. BC 4.37, and 45.
      • (a) Inscription of Rhosos, Font. Iur. Rom. Anteiustinian. ed. Riccobono, et al., 1.308ff., no. 55, line 10
      • (b) App. BC 4.37, and 45
      • (c) CIL 10.6087-ILS 886
    Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

    C. Julius Caesar (3 years; raw 7.00, base 0.700, final 0.700): 59 BCE (Consul) , 49 BCE (Dictator) , 46 BCE (Consul, Dictator)

    M. Favonius (2 years; raw 5.00, base 0.500, final 0.500): 59 BCE (Quaestor) , 49 BCE (Praetor)

    L. Munatius Plancus (1 year; raw 4.00, base 0.400, final 0.400): 42 BCE (Consul)

    A. Allienus (1 year; raw 3.00, base 0.300, final 0.300): 49 BCE (Praetor)

    C. Coponius (1 year; raw 3.00, base 0.300, final 0.300): 49 BCE (Praetor)

🏺 Family

  1. Parents
    Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (cos. 78)
  2. Siblings
    Lucius Aemilius Paullus (cos. 50)