Consuls
Broughton: Marius supported, with his veterans, the legislative program of Saturninus and Glaucia, even to taking the oath to maintain the agrarian law and interdicting Metellus Numidicus, who refused to do so, from fire and water (a). In December the riots in connection with the elections, the murder of Memmius, Glaucia's rival for the consulate, and Glaucia's illegal candidacy for the office, led the Senate to pass the senatus consultum ultimum, in obedience to which Marius suppressed his former associates, who had seized the Capitol. In spite of their surrender to Marius, who placed them in custody in the Curia, they were lynched there by the crowd (b). As his final act he opposed the proposal to recall Metellus from exile (c). Flaccus, whom Rutilius termed more Marius' servant than his colleague (d), commanded a guard on the Quirinal (e). On Valerius, see Münzer, Gent. Val. 41, no. 24.
Sources (6)
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Broughton, MRR1
- Lex Delphica de Piratis, SEG 3.378; Cic. Brut. 224; Rab. Perd. 20; Vell. 1.15.5; Ascon. 5 C; Plin. NH 2.100; Plut. Mar. 28.5; Obseq. 45; Chr. 354 (Mario VI et Flacco), so also Fast. Hyd., and Chr. Pasc.; Cassiod.; on Valerius, Cic. Rab. Perd. 27; and on Marius, Elog., CIL 12.1, p. 195-Inscr. Ital. 13.3.83, and 17; Val. Max. 3.2.18; 9.7.1; see Degrassi 128, 478f.
- (a) Liv. Per. 69; Plut. Mar. 29; App. BC 1.29-31; cf. Sest. 37; Balb. 48; Auct. Vir. Ill. 73.5-7; Oros. 5.17.4
- (b) Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 18-28, 31, 35; Mil. 8; Phil. 8.15; Liv. Per. 69; Elogium, above; Vell. 2.12.6; Val. Max. 3.2.18; 8.6.2; 9.7.1; Plut. Mar. 30.1-4; App. BC 1.32; Flor. 2.4.5-6; Auct. Vir. Ill. 73.9-12; Oros. 5.17.6-10; see Praetors, and Tribunes of the Plebs
- (c) Oros. 5.17.11; cf. App. BC 1.33; Plut. Mar. 31.1; Dio 28, fr. 95
- (d) Plut. Mar. 28.5
- (e) Cic. Rab. Perd. 20, and 27
Broughton: Marius supported, with his veterans, the legislative program of Saturninus and Glaucia, even to taking the oath to maintain the agrarian law and interdicting Metellus Numidicus, who refused to do so, from fire and water (a). In December the riots in connection with the elections, the murder of Memmius, Glaucia's rival for the consulate, and Glaucia's illegal candidacy for the office, led the Senate to pass the senatus consultum ultimum, in obedience to which Marius suppressed his former associates, who had seized the Capitol. In spite of their surrender to Marius, who placed them in custody in the Curia, they were lynched there by the crowd (b). As his final act he opposed the proposal to recall Metellus from exile (c). Flaccus, whom Rutilius termed more Marius' servant than his colleague (d), commanded a guard on the Quirinal (e). On Valerius, see Münzer, Gent. Val. 41, no. 24.
Sources (6)
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Broughton, MRR1
- Lex Delphica de Piratis, SEG 3.378; Cic. Brut. 224; Rab. Perd. 20; Vell. 1.15.5; Ascon. 5 C; Plin. NH 2.100; Plut. Mar. 28.5; Obseq. 45; Chr. 354 (Mario VI et Flacco), so also Fast. Hyd., and Chr. Pasc.; Cassiod.; on Valerius, Cic. Rab. Perd. 27; and on Marius, Elog., CIL 12.1, p. 195-Inscr. Ital. 13.3.83, and 17; Val. Max. 3.2.18; 9.7.1; see Degrassi 128, 478f.
- (a) Liv. Per. 69; Plut. Mar. 29; App. BC 1.29-31; cf. Sest. 37; Balb. 48; Auct. Vir. Ill. 73.5-7; Oros. 5.17.4
- (b) Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 18-28, 31, 35; Mil. 8; Phil. 8.15; Liv. Per. 69; Elogium, above; Vell. 2.12.6; Val. Max. 3.2.18; 8.6.2; 9.7.1; Plut. Mar. 30.1-4; App. BC 1.32; Flor. 2.4.5-6; Auct. Vir. Ill. 73.9-12; Oros. 5.17.6-10; see Praetors, and Tribunes of the Plebs
- (c) Oros. 5.17.11; cf. App. BC 1.33; Plut. Mar. 31.1; Dio 28, fr. 95
- (d) Plut. Mar. 28.5
- (e) Cic. Rab. Perd. 20, and 27
Praetors
Brougthon: See Act. Tr. for 98
Sources (1)
- Broughton, MRR1
Broughton: In alliance with Saturninus, he illegally became a candidate for the consulship of 99, and during the disorders on December 10 when his confederates were crushed he was dragged from the house of a certain Claudius and put to death (a; see Consuls; and Tribunes of the Plebs, on Saturninus).
Sources (1)
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Broughton, MRR1
- (a) Cic. Cat. 1.4; 3.15, and Schol. Gron. 284 Stangl; Schol. Clun. 270 Stangl; Rab. Perd. 20; Planc. 88; Har. Resp. 51; Phil. 8.15; Brut. 224; Liv. Per. 69; Vell. 2.12.6; Val. Max. 3.2.18; App. BC 1.31-32; Flor. 2.4.4; Dio 28, fr. 95; Auct. Vir. Ill. 73.9-11; Ampel. 26.3; Oros. 5.17.9; Schol. Bob. 95, 113, 174 Stangl
Broughton: Date uncertain, son of the Quaestor of 142 and father of the Quaestor of 71 (a). All three attained the office of Praetor.
Sources (1)
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Broughton, MRR1
- (a) Varr. RR 2.4.2
Aediles
Broughton: They put on magnificent games (a). As they were colleagues in all magistracies except the Tribunate of the Plebs (b), Crassus was probably a Curule Aedile too. The date lies between 105 and 100.
Sources (2)
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Broughton, MRR1
- (a) Cic. Off. 2.57; Verr. 2.4.133; Plin. NH 8.53, with mention of Scaevola as Curule Aedile; 17.6, on Crassus
- (b) Cic. Brut. 161
Broughton: They put on magnificent games (a). As they were colleagues in all magistracies except the Tribunate of the Plebs (b), Crassus was probably a Curule Aedile too. The date lies between 105 and 100.
Sources (2)
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Broughton, MRR1
- (a) Cic. Off. 2.57; Verr. 2.4.133; Plin. NH 8.53, with mention of Scaevola as Curule Aedile; 17.6, on Crassus
- (b) Cic. Brut. 161
Quaestors
Broughton: Honored at Delos at some date in the late second century (a).
Sources (1)
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Broughton, MRR1
- (a) Loewy 250; I. de Délos 4.1.1694
Broughton: Caepio protested the burden of Saturninus' grain law upon the treasury, and for his violent resistence was later prosecuted under the Lex Appuleia de maiestate, but acquitted (a). With his colleague Piso he issued a coinage by decree of the Senate for the purchase of grain (b).
Sources (2)
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Broughton, MRR1
- (a) Auct. Ad Herenn. 1.21; 2.17; 4.35; Sall. Hist. 1.62 M
- (b) Grueber, CRRBM 1.170f.: ad fru. emu. ex S. C., and Q(uaestores)
Broughton: Caepio protested the burden of Saturninus' grain law upon the treasury, and for his violent resistence was later prosecuted under the Lex Appuleia de maiestate, but acquitted (a). With his colleague Piso he issued a coinage by decree of the Senate for the purchase of grain (b).
Sources (2)
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Broughton, MRR1
- (a) Auct. Ad Herenn. 1.21; 2.17; 4.35; Sall. Hist. 1.62 M
- (b) Grueber, CRRBM 1.170f.: ad fru. emu. ex S. C., and Q(uaestores)
Tribune of the Plebs
Broughton: see 101, Tribunes of the Plebs, on Glaucia. With Glaucia the Praetor and Marius the Consul, he embarked upon a program of popular legislation, and then of illegal seizure of office, which in the end lost him his popularity and even turned Marius against him. His legislation included: 1. a grain law, probably to be dated in 100(3) which set a low price for grain, and was carried over the veto of his colleagues and the violence organized by the Quaestor Caepio (a); 2. a bill for veteran colonies in Sicily, Achaea, Macedonia, and perhaps Africa,(4) giving Marius power to grant citizenship to three non-Romans in each colony (b); 3. an agrarian law to assign Gallic land once held by the Cimbri, which contained a clause providing that senators who did not take the oath to obey it within five days of its passage should lose their place and pay a fine of twenty talents. This bill, carried by violence and against the auspices, caused Metellus Numidicus to leave Rome, and was followed by another bill of Saturninus calling upon Marius to interdict him from fire and water (c). In an attempt to control the government in 99 he secured his own reelection to the tribunate along with L. Equitius, the false Gracchus, and other supporters as Tribunes and Quaestors, but the murder of Glaucia's rival Memmius led to a union of moderate and conservative elements and the declaration of martial law. Marius besieged his former associates on the Capitol, accepted their surrender, and placed them in the Curia Hostilia to await trial, where Saturninus, Saufeius, and Labienus were murdered (d). His property was confiscated (e), his house razed (f), and his laws annulled (g).
Sources (10)
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Broughton, MRR1
- Cic. Brut. 224; Sest. 37; Cat. 1.4; Phil. 8.15; Corn. 2.5, in Ascon. 80 C; Leg. 2.14; Diod. 36.15.3; Liv. Per. 69; Vell. 2.12.6; Val. Max. 9.7.1 and 3; Plut. Mar. 29—30; App. BC 1.28; Flor. 2.4.1-6; Auct. Vir. Ill. 73.5; Oros. 5.17.3-4
- (a) Auct. Ad Herenn. 1.21; cf. 2.17
- (b) Auct. Vir. Ill. 73.5; cf. Balb. 48
- (c) App. BC 1.29—31; Plut. Mar. 29; Liv. Per. 69; cf. Cic. Leg. 3.26; Sest. 37, 101, 130; Dom. 82; P. Red. in Sen. 25, and 37; Cluent. 95; Pis. 20; Planc. 89; Schol. Bob. 111, 168, 174 Stangl; Vell. 2.15.4, cf. 1.15.5, on Eporedia; Val. Max. 3.8.4; Flor. 2.4.2-3; Auct. Vir. Ill. 73.7-8; Oros. 5.17.4
- (d) Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 18-31, and 35; Liv. Per. 69; Elogium of Marius, above; Plut. Mar. 30.1-3; App. BC 1.32; Flor. 2.4.4-6; Auct. Vir. Ill. 73.9-12; Oros. 5.17.6-10; cf. Cic. Cat. 1.4; Mil. 8, and 14; Schol. Bob. 113f., 174 Stangl; Phil. 8.15; Pro Var. fr. 6, ed. Müller; Brut. 224; Leg. 2.14; 3.20; Caes. BC 1.7.5-5; Vell. 2.12.6; Val. Max. 3.2.18; 8.6.2; 9.15.1; Ascon. 5 C; Suet. Iul. 12.1
- (e) Oros. 5.17.10
- (f) Val. Max. 6.3.1
- (g) Cic. Balb. 48; Leg. 2.14
- (3) The terminus post quem for the grain law of Saturninus is 103, his first tribunate, and the terminus ante quem is his second in 100. The revolt of the slaves in Sicily could have caused a shortage of grain in either year. Caepio could have been Quaestor Urbanus in either year if, as I believe, the Lex Appuleia de maiestate, under which he was accused, was passed in 103 (Auct. Ad Herenn. 1.21; 2.17). Niccolini points out (F T P 200) that Saufeius, killed while Quaestor Urbanus on December 10 (see 99, Quaestors) entered office on December 5, 100, and therefore leaves room for Piso and Caepio to hold these offices in 100. Last (CAH 9.165) favors 103 because the Gracchan analogue came early in the development of the program of C. Gracchus, and so too, does Passerini (Athenaeum 12 [1934] 107-143). But 100 was the year when Saturninus and Glaucia put forth their greatest effort to gain popular support. The price set for the grain is usually read semissibus et tryentibus (5/6 as) rather than senis et trientibus (6 1/3 asses) the modius, the Gracchan price.
- (4) On the African settlements, see 103, Tribunes of the Plebs. It is uncertain whether those in Cercina and Corsica should be dated in 103 or in 100, but the latter is perhaps preferable, since individual settlements were made even though the laws of Saturninus in general were repealed. See Special Commissions, and note 6; cf. Broughton, AJA 52 (1948) 326f.
