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Dictators

Julius Caesar (cos. 59)
C. Julius Caesar
14 magistracies , aged 52 at this time
Go to term

Broughton: He was named Dictator for a second time after the victory at Pharsalus, probably late in October(1) (a), for an entire year (b). See Degrassi 132f.

Sources (3)
  • Broughton, MRR2
    • (a) CIL 12.2.787-ILS 70; Cic. Phil. 2.62; Liv. Per. 112; Plut. Caes. 50.1; Ant. 8.3; Dio 42.20.3, and 21.1, and 35.5, and 55.4; Zonar. 10.10; cf. IGRP 4. 929; Joseph. AJ 14.190 and 192
    • (b) Plut. Caes. 5 1. 1; Dio 42.20.3
    • (1) The date is based on a calculation of the time necessary for news of the victory at Pharsalus to reach Rome and news of the action of Servilius in turn to reach Alexandria. In any case Antony was exercising the office of Master of Horse in December (Cic. Att. 11.7.2). Plutarch and Dio state that Caesar's dictatorship was annual, and Plutarch (Caes. 51.1) that he returned from the East at the close of his year, i. e. in September 47. As he was termed Dictator iterum in 46 (Grueber, CRRBM 2.576) and did not enter upon his third dictatorship until April of that year, Mommsen believed that his dictatorship, like that of Sulla, was of indefinite duration, and not rei gerendae; but rei publicae. constitutendae causa (CIL 12.1, 41). But some of his coins bear the inscription Cos. ter without mention of the dictatorship (Grueber CRRBM 1.525f.), hence there was probably an interval between the second and the third dictatorship, and the office itself was probably assumed rei gerendae rather than rei publicae constituendae coma (see Degrassi 132f., where earlier literature is summarized). This dictatorship is listed under 47 in Fast. Cap.

Consuls

Julius Caesar (cos. 59)
C. Julius Caesar
14 magistracies , aged 52 at this time
Go to term

Broughton: In this year Caesar brought an army across the Adriatic, and after winter engagements, such as his attempt to besiege Pompey at Dyrrachium, won a decisive victory over Pompey at Pharsalus, then pursued him to Egypt, and toward the end of the year became embroiled in the dispute between Cleopatra and her brother for the Egyptian throne (a). Servilius meantime in Italy (b) suppressed the illegal activities of Caelius Rufus (c; see below, Praetors), and after receiving news of Caesar's victory at Pharsalus, named him Dictator for a second time (d; see below, Dictator).

Sources (5)
  • Broughton, MRR2
    • CIL 12.2.776, 937, and 938; Caes. BC 3.1.1; Cic. Phil. 14.23; Fast. Cap., Degrassi 56f., 132, 498f., cf. Fast. Ost., ibid. 180, 182; Vell. 2.53.2; Val. Max. 8.3.2; Plut. Caes. 37.1; Dio, Indexes to 41, and 42; 41.43.1; Chr. 354; Fast. Hyd.; Ch7.. Pasc.; Cassiod.; and on Caesar, SIG³ 760; 1. de Delos 4.1.1587–Choix 166; Lucan 5.389-402; Grueber, CRRBM 2.559.
    • (a) Caes. BG 3; Auct. Bell. Alex. 1-25; Liv. Per. 110-112; Vell. 2.51-54; Lucan 5.403-10.546; Suet. Iul. 35; Plut. Caes. 37-49; Pomp. 65-80; Cic. 39.1-2; Flor. 2.13.35-63; Dio 41.43-42.40; Eutrop. 6.20-22; Oros. 6.15.10-34; Zonar. 10.8-10; and for a detailed citation of sources, see D.–G. 3.432-486
    • (b) Dio 42.17.1
    • (c) Caes. BC 3.21; Dio 42.22.1-25.3; cf. Cic. Fam. 8.17; Quintil. Inst. Or. 6.3.25
    • (d) Dio 42.21.1
P
P. Servilius Isauricus
4 magistracies
Go to term

Broughton: In this year Caesar brought an army across the Adriatic, and after winter engagements, such as his attempt to besiege Pompey at Dyrrachium, won a decisive victory over Pompey at Pharsalus, then pursued him to Egypt, and toward the end of the year became embroiled in the dispute between Cleopatra and her brother for the Egyptian throne (a). Servilius meantime in Italy (b) suppressed the illegal activities of Caelius Rufus (c; see below, Praetors), and after receiving news of Caesar's victory at Pharsalus, named him Dictator for a second time (d; see below, Dictator).

Sources (5)
  • Broughton, MRR2
    • CIL 12.2.776, 937, and 938; Caes. BC 3.1.1; Cic. Phil. 14.23; Fast. Cap., Degrassi 56f., 132, 498f., cf. Fast. Ost., ibid. 180, 182; Vell. 2.53.2; Val. Max. 8.3.2; Plut. Caes. 37.1; Dio, Indexes to 41, and 42; 41.43.1; Chr. 354; Fast. Hyd.; Ch7.. Pasc.; Cassiod.; and on Caesar, SIG³ 760; 1. de Delos 4.1.1587–Choix 166; Lucan 5.389-402; Grueber, CRRBM 2.559.
    • (a) Caes. BG 3; Auct. Bell. Alex. 1-25; Liv. Per. 110-112; Vell. 2.51-54; Lucan 5.403-10.546; Suet. Iul. 35; Plut. Caes. 37-49; Pomp. 65-80; Cic. 39.1-2; Flor. 2.13.35-63; Dio 41.43-42.40; Eutrop. 6.20-22; Oros. 6.15.10-34; Zonar. 10.8-10; and for a detailed citation of sources, see D.–G. 3.432-486
    • (b) Dio 42.17.1
    • (c) Caes. BC 3.21; Dio 42.22.1-25.3; cf. Cic. Fam. 8.17; Quintil. Inst. Or. 6.3.25
    • (d) Dio 42.21.1
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

C. Cosconius (pr. 54) (): 54 BCE (Praetor) , 48 BCE (Praetor)

C. Julius Caesar (): 48 BCE (Consul, Dictator)

C. Trebonius (): 60 BCE (Quaestor) , 48 BCE (Praetor)

L. Antonius Pietas (cos. 41) (): 41 BCE (Consul)

C. Fannius (pr. 54) (): 54 BCE (Praetor)

Praetors

M
M. Caelius Rufus
4 magistracies , aged 34 at this time
Go to term

Broughton: Pressed measures for suspension of payments of interest, rents, and debts illegally against the opposition of his colleagues until he was suspended from office by the Consul Servilius; and later was killed by soldiers while attempting with Milo to raise a revolt in Italy (a).

Sources (1)
  • Broughton, MRR2
    • (a) Caes. BC 3.20.1-22.4; Dio 42.22.1-25.3; cf. Cic. Fam. 8.17; Liv. Per. 111; Vell. 2.68.1-3; Quintil. Inst. Or. 6.3.25; Oros. 6.15.10; Jerome Chr. ad ann. 48, p. 156 Helm
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

C. Cosconius (pr. 54) (): 57 BCE (Aedile) , 48 BCE (Praetor)

Q. Fabius Maximus (): 57 BCE (Aedile) , 48 BCE (Praetor)

C. Caninius Rebilus (cos. suff. 45) (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

C. Rabirius Curtius Postumus (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

C. Sallustius Crispus (): 52 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs) , 48 BCE (Quaestor)

G
C. Caninius Rebilus (cos. suff. 45)
probable
2 magistracies
Go to term

Broughton: Perhaps Praetor in this year, since he was a Proconsul in 46 and a Consul Suffectus in 45, but as Caesar was not bound by constitutional niceties (a), the date may be 47 or even 46.

Sources (1)
  • Broughton, MRR2
    • (a) see Dio 42.20
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

C. Trebonius (): 48 BCE (Praetor) , 45 BCE (Consul)

Q. Fabius Maximus (): 48 BCE (Praetor) , 45 BCE (Consul)

C. Julius Caesar (): 48 BCE (Consul, Dictator) , 45 BCE (Consul, Dictator)

C. Cosconius (pr. 54) (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

C. Rabirius Curtius Postumus (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

M
M. Coelius Vinicianus
probable
3 magistracies
Go to term

Broughton: See 47, Promagistrates.

Sources (1)
  • MRR2
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

C. Caninius Rebilus (cos. suff. 45) (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

C. Cosconius (pr. 54) (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

C. Rabirius Curtius Postumus (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

C. Trebonius (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

C. Vibius Pansa Caetronianus (cos. 43) (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

G
C. Cosconius (pr. 54)
uncertain
4 magistracies
Go to term

Broughton: An ex-Praetor when killed by Caesar's mutinous troops in 47, so 48 is the latest date for his praetorship, though 54 is more probable (a). See 54, Praetors; and 53, Promagistrates. He held an aedileship in 57.

Sources (1)
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

C. Fannius (pr. 54) (): 59 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs) , 54 BCE (Praetor)

P. Servilius Isauricus (): 54 BCE (Praetor) , 48 BCE (Consul)

Q. Fabius Maximus (): 57 BCE (Aedile) , 48 BCE (Praetor)

M. Caelius Rufus (): 57 BCE (Quaestor) , 48 BCE (Praetor)

P. Sestius (): 57 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs) , 54 BCE (Praetor)

Q
Q. Fabius Maximus
3 magistracies
Go to term

Broughton: This year is probably the latest date for his praetorship.

Sources (1)
  • Broughton, MRR2
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

C. Caninius Rebilus (cos. suff. 45) (): 48 BCE (Praetor) , 45 BCE (Consul)

C. Trebonius (): 48 BCE (Praetor) , 45 BCE (Consul)

C. Julius Caesar (): 48 BCE (Consul, Dictator) , 45 BCE (Consul, Dictator)

C. Cosconius (pr. 54) (): 57 BCE (Aedile) , 48 BCE (Praetor)

M. Caelius Rufus (): 57 BCE (Quaestor) , 48 BCE (Praetor)

Q
Q. Marcius Philippus (pr. 48)
1 magistracy
Go to term

Broughton: See 47, Promagistrates

Sources (1)
  • MRR2
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

C. Caninius Rebilus (cos. suff. 45) (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

C. Cosconius (pr. 54) (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

C. Rabirius Curtius Postumus (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

C. Trebonius (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

C. Vibius Pansa Caetronianus (cos. 43) (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

Q
Q. Pedius (cos. suff. 43)
2 magistracies , aged 44 at this time
Go to term

Broughton: Crushed Milo's revolt near Cosa (a).

Sources (1)
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

C. Vibius Pansa Caetronianus (cos. 43) (): 48 BCE (Praetor) , 43 BCE (Consul)

A. Hirtius (): 48 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs) , 43 BCE (Consul)

C. Carrinas (): 43 BCE (Consul)

C. Julius Caesar Octavius (): 43 BCE (Consul)

P. Ventidius Bassus (): 43 BCE (Consul, Praetor)

G
C. Rabirius Curtius Postumus
1 magistracy
Go to term

Broughton: MRR2: A Legate of Caesar in 46 (see 46, Legates), who considered competing for the consulship of 45 (a), and held a proconsulate in the East at about this period (b). See Dessau, Hermes 46 (1911) 613-620; 47 (1912) 320.

Sources (2)
  • Broughton, MRR2
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

C. Caninius Rebilus (cos. suff. 45) (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

C. Cosconius (pr. 54) (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

C. Trebonius (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

C. Vibius Pansa Caetronianus (cos. 43) (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

M. Caelius Rufus (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

P
P. Sulpicius Rufus (pr. 48)
1 magistracy , aged 51 at this time
Go to term

Broughton: MRR2: Resisted at Vibo an attack by the Syrian squadron of Pompey's fleet under C. Cassius (a).

Sources (1)
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

C. Caninius Rebilus (cos. suff. 45) (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

C. Cosconius (pr. 54) (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

C. Rabirius Curtius Postumus (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

C. Trebonius (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

C. Vibius Pansa Caetronianus (cos. 43) (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

G
C. Trebonius
4 magistracies , aged 44 at this time
Go to term

Broughton: MRR2: He opposed the measures proposed by Caelius Rufus (a), aided Cicero after his return to Italy (b), and was hurriedly sent to Spain as Proconsul at the end of the year (c).

Sources (3)
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

C. Caninius Rebilus (cos. suff. 45) (): 48 BCE (Praetor) , 45 BCE (Consul)

Q. Fabius Maximus (): 48 BCE (Praetor) , 45 BCE (Consul)

C. Julius Caesar (): 48 BCE (Consul, Dictator) , 45 BCE (Consul, Dictator)

P. Servilius Isauricus (): 60 BCE (Quaestor) , 48 BCE (Consul)

C. Cosconius (pr. 54) (): 48 BCE (Praetor)

G
C. Vibius Pansa Caetronianus (cos. 43)
4 magistracies , aged 41 at this time
Go to term

Broughton: MRR2: Cicero notes his presence in Rome this year (a). See 47, and 46, Promagistrates.

Sources (1)
  • Broughton, MRR2
    • (a) Att. 11.6.3, with Trebonius
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

Q. Pedius (cos. suff. 43) (): 48 BCE (Praetor) , 43 BCE (Consul)

A. Hirtius (): 48 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs) , 43 BCE (Consul)

C. Carrinas (): 43 BCE (Consul)

C. Julius Caesar Octavius (): 43 BCE (Consul)

P. Ventidius Bassus (): 43 BCE (Consul, Praetor)

Quaestors

A
Apuleius (2)
Asia Minor
1 magistracy
Go to term

Brougthon: Probably a Quaestor this year in Asia Minor under Domitius Calvinus (a).

Sources (1)
  • Brougthon, MRR2
    • (a) Cic. Fam. 13.45, and 46; see Syme, A4nat. Stud. Buckler 315-317
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

C. Plaetorius (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

C. Sallustius Crispus (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

M. Claudius Marcellus Aeserninus (cos. 22) (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

P. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus (q. 48) (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

Q. Cornificius (pr. 45) (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

M
M. Claudius Marcellus Aeserninus (cos. 22)
Farther Spain
1 magistracy
Go to term

Broughton: Served under Q. Cassius Longinus in Farther Spain, but joined the mutinous troops and led them until Lepidus came to take command (a). See (b)

Sources (2)
  • Broughton, MRR2
    • (a) Bell. Alex. 57-64; Dio 42.15-16, cf. 43.1.2; and 29.1
    • (b) PIR² 2.215, no. 926; De Laet no. 104.
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

Apuleius (2) (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

C. Plaetorius (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

C. Sallustius Crispus (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

P. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus (q. 48) (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

Q. Cornificius (pr. 45) (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

T
Ti. Claudius Nero (pr. 42)
Egypt
2 magistracies , aged 41 at this time
Go to term

Broughton: Commanded in Caesar's fleet at Alexandria (a).

Sources (2)
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

C. Cocceius Balbus (): 42 BCE (Praetor)

C. Furnius (): 42 BCE (Praetor)

L. Aelius Lamia (): 42 BCE (Praetor)

P. Alfenus Varus (): 42 BCE (Praetor)

Apuleius (2) (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

P
P. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus (q. 48)
Illyricum
1 magistracy
Go to term

Broughton: Commanded a portion of Caesar's fortifications about Dyrrachium at the point where Pompey attacked and inflicted serious losses (a).

Sources (1)
  • Broughton, MRR2
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

Apuleius (2) (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

C. Plaetorius (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

C. Sallustius Crispus (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

M. Claudius Marcellus Aeserninus (cos. 22) (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

Q. Cornificius (pr. 45) (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

Q
Q. Cornificius (pr. 45)
Illyricum
2 magistracies , aged 42 at this time
Go to term

Broughton: See below, Promagistrates.

MT: "...Cornificius was near by with two legions for him [Caesar], ..." (Plut. Caes. 43). This is before the Battle of Pharsalus when Caesar asks his troops if they wanted to wait for reinforcements (incl from Cornificius) or go into battle against Pompey's forces.

Sources (2)
  • Broughton, MRR2
  • Plut. Caes. 43
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

A. Pompeius Bithynicus (): 45 BCE (Praetor)

C. Asinius Pollio (cos. 40) (): 45 BCE (Praetor)

C. Caninius Rebilus (cos. suff. 45) (): 48 BCE (Praetor) , 45 BCE (Consul)

C. Julius Caesar (): 48 BCE (Consul, Dictator) , 45 BCE (Consul, Dictator)

C. Trebonius (): 48 BCE (Praetor) , 45 BCE (Consul)

S
Sex. Julius Caesar
Syria
1 magistracy , aged 35 at this time
Go to term

Broughton: According to Dio, Iulius was a Quaestor when appointed to the Syrian command in the summer of 47. As no elections (except those for plebeian offices) were held for 47 until the autumn of that year (a), he must have been Quaestor in 48 at the latest. D.-G. list him as a Legate (3.701).

Sources (2)
  • Broughton, MRR2
    • Dio 47.26.3. See 47, Promagistrates
    • (a) Dio 42.20.4, and 51.4
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

Apuleius (2) (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

C. Plaetorius (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

C. Sallustius Crispus (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

M. Claudius Marcellus Aeserninus (cos. 22) (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

P. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus (q. 48) (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

G
C. Plaetorius
Asia Minor
1 magistracy
Go to term

Broughton: Served under Cn. Domitius Calvinus in Asia Minor (a).

Sources (1)
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

Apuleius (2) (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

C. Sallustius Crispus (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

M. Claudius Marcellus Aeserninus (cos. 22) (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

P. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus (q. 48) (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

Q. Cornificius (pr. 45) (): 48 BCE (Quaestor)

G
C. Sallustius Crispus
4 magistracies , aged 38 at this time
Go to term

Broughton: According to Ps.-Cic. (a), he returned to the Senate after his expulsion in 50 by way of the quaestorship. Sobeck (65) would date his return in 49. See 49, Legates.

Sources (1)
  • Broughton, MRR2
    • (a) Invect. in Sall. 6.17; 8.21
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

A. Hirtius (): 48 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs) , 46 BCE (Praetor)

C. Calvisius Sabinus (): 46 BCE (Praetor)

C. Carrinas (): 46 BCE (Praetor)

C. Julius Caesar (): 48 BCE (Consul, Dictator) , 46 BCE (Consul, Dictator)

L. Volcatius Tullus (cos. 33) (): 46 BCE (Praetor)

Tribune of the Plebs

Aulus Hirtius
A. Hirtius
uncertain
3 magistracies , aged 42 at this time
Go to term

Broughton: Hirtius was the author of a bill affecting supporters of Pompey (a), such as the one noted by Dio (42.20.1) under this year. See CIL 12.2.604. Mommsen (CIL 12.2.604) and Lange (RA 2.687; 4.455) assign this bill to the praetorship of Hirtius in 46, perhaps correctly, since no other text implies that Hirtius held the tribunate, but Niccolini (FTP 335ff.) uses the passage of Dio to date it in 48, and points out that the presence of Hirtius in Spain in 49 (Cic. Att. 10.4.6 and 11), and at Antiocheia in 47 (11.14.3, and 20. 1) does not preclude him from being a Tribune of the Plebs in Rome in 48.

Sources (4)
  • Broughton, MRR2
    • (a) Cic. Phil. 13.32
    • Dio 42.20.1
    • CIL 12.2.604
    • Cic. Att. 10.4.6 and 11
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

C. Carrinas (): 46 BCE (Praetor) , 43 BCE (Consul)

C. Vibius Pansa Caetronianus (cos. 43) (): 48 BCE (Praetor) , 43 BCE (Consul)

Q. Pedius (cos. suff. 43) (): 48 BCE (Praetor) , 43 BCE (Consul)

C. Julius Caesar Octavius (): 43 BCE (Consul)

C. Sallustius Crispus (): 48 BCE (Quaestor) , 46 BCE (Praetor)