49 BCE · Magistrates

Dictators

C. Julius Caesar

14 magistracies , aged 51 at this time

Broughton: He was named Dictator, after enabling legislation carried by the Praetor Lepidus, while still at Massilia (a). Upon arrival in Rome, he carried through a program of debt relief (b), restoration of exiles (except Milo) and sons of the proscribed (c). He had already taken away lands and rights from Massilia (d), and granted citizenship to Gades (e). He also carried through the Latin Festival, the arrangements for provincial administration, and the elections for 48, and abdicated after eleven days (f). On the legality of Caesar's appointment, see Cic. Att. 9.9.3; and 15.2; Dio 41.36.1 and 4; Mommsen, Str. 23.126, note 2. See Praetors, on Roscius; and Tribunes of the Plebs, on Antonius.

Sources (8)

Broughton, MRR2
- Fast. Cap., Degrassi 56f., 132, 496f.; CIL 12 .2.778.
- (a) Caes. BC 2.21.5; Lucan 5.383; App. BC 2.48; Dio 41.36.1-2; 43. 1. 1; cf. plut. Caes. 37, by the Senate; Eutrop. 6.20. 1; Zonar. 10.8
- (b) Caes. BC 3.1.2-3, and 20; Suet. Iul. 42.2; Plut. Caes. 37.1; App. BC 2.48; Dio 41.37-38; 42.22, and 51.1-2; and cf. on the tightness of money, Cic. Att. 7.18.4; 9.9.4; 10.11.2
- (c) Caes. BC 3.1.3-5, through Praetors and Tribunes; Suet. Iul. 41; Plut. Caes. 37.1; cf. Sull. 31.4; App. BC 2.48; Dio 41.36.2; 42.24.2, on Milo; Zonar. 10.8; cf. Cic. Att. 9.14.2; 10.4.8, and 8.2-3; Phil. 2.55-56, and 98
- (d) Dio 41.25.3; cf. Cic. Phil. 8.19; 13.32
- (e) Dio 41.24.1; cf. Caes. BC 2.20-21; Liv. Per. 110
- (f) Caes. BC 3.1-2, and 20; Plut. Caes. 37; App. BC 2.48; Dio 41.36-38; Zonar. 10.8
- on legality: Cic. Att. 9.9.3; and 15.2; Dio 41.36.1 and 4; Mommsen, Str. 23.126, note 2

Consuls

C. Claudius Marcellus (cos. 49)

3 magistracies

Broughton: They were elected as anti-Caesarians (a), and supported the Pompeian interest in the Senate meetings early in January and in the subsequent negotiations, and left Italy even before Pompey (b), thus foiling Caesar's attempt to make contact with Lentulus through the younger Balbus (c). Lentulus actively recruited troops in Asia (d). Both Consuls and the anti-Caesarian government as a whole wintered at Thessalonica (e; see Promagistrates, on Pompey).

Sources (6)

Broughton, MRR2
- CIL 12 .2.967, cf. 669; Grueber, CRRBM 1.504; 2.466f., 558; Cic. Fam. 7.3.1; Att. 15.3.1; Phil. 2.51; Hirt. in Caes. BG 8.50.4; Bell. Alex. 68.2; Fast. Cap., Degrassi 56f., 132, 496f.; Vell. 2.49.1; Joseph. AJ 14.228 and 238; App. BC 2.33; Flor. 2.13.15; Dio 41, Index, and 1.1; Chr. 354; Fast. Hyd.; Chr. Pasc.; Cassiod.; Schol. Bob. 89 Stangl; cf. Plut. Caes. 29-31, who confuses C. and M. Marcellus.
- (a) Hirt. in Caes. BG 8.50.4; Suet. Iul. 29.2
- (b) Cic. Att. 7.12-9.9, passim, esp. 7.21, and 24. 8.12A; Fam. 16.11.3; Caes. BC 1.1-6, passim, esp. 1.4-6, and 14: and 25; Vell. 2.49.1-50.2, and 53.1; Lucan 2.645- 649; Petron. 124, lines 288-289; Suet. Iul. 29.2; 34.1; Plut. Pomp. 59, and 61-62; Caes. 30-31; 33.4; 34.1; 35.1; Ant. 5.5; App. BC 2.33, and 36-37, and 39; Dio 41.1, and 3, and 6, and 12; Eutrop. 6.18.2-3; Oros. 6.15.2 and 4
- (c) Cic. Att. 8.9.4, and 11. 5; 9. 6. 1
- (d) Caes. BC 3.4.1; Joseph. AJ 14.228, 232, 234 236, and 238
- (e) Dio 41.43

Career-overlap (3) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

M. Nonius Sufenas (): 56 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs) , 52 BCE (Praetor)

M. Favonius (): 52 BCE (Aedile) , 49 BCE (Praetor)

P. Rutilius Lupus (pr. 49) (): 56 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs) , 49 BCE (Praetor)

L. Cornelius Lentulus Crus

2 magistracies , aged 48 at this time

Sources (6)

Broughton, MRR2
- CIL 12 .2.967, cf. 669; Grueber, CRRBM 1.504; 2.466f., 558; Cic. Fam. 7.3.1; Att. 15.3.1; Phil. 2.51; Hirt. in Caes. BG 8.50.4; Bell. Alex. 68.2; Fast. Cap., Degrassi 56f., 132, 496f.; Vell. 2.49.1; Joseph. AJ 14.228 and 238; App. BC 2.33; Flor. 2.13.15; Dio 41, Index, and 1.1; Chr. 354; Fast. Hyd.; Chr. Pasc.; Cassiod.; Schol. Bob. 89 Stangl; cf. Plut. Caes. 29-31, who confuses C. and M. Marcellus.
- (a) Hirt. in Caes. BG 8.50.4; Suet. Iul. 29.2
- (b) Cic. Att. 7.12-9.9, passim, esp. 7.21, and 24. 8.12A; Fam. 16.11.3; Caes. BC 1.1-6, passim, esp. 1.4-6, and 14: and 25; Vell. 2.49.1-50.2, and 53.1; Lucan 2.645- 649; Petron. 124, lines 288-289; Suet. Iul. 29.2; 34.1; Plut. Pomp. 59, and 61-62; Caes. 30-31; 33.4; 34.1; 35.1; Ant. 5.5; App. BC 2.33, and 36-37, and 39; Dio 41.1, and 3, and 6, and 12; Eutrop. 6.18.2-3; Oros. 6.15.2 and 4
- (c) Cic. Att. 8.9.4, and 11. 5; 9. 6. 1
- (d) Caes. BC 3.4.1; Joseph. AJ 14.228, 232, 234 236, and 238
- (e) Dio 41.43

Praetors

M. Aemilius Lepidus Paullus (cos. 46)

5 magistracies , aged 41 at this time

Broughton: Caesar left him in charge in Rome (a). He carried the measure naming Caesar Dictator (see above, Dictator).

Sources (1)

Broughton, MRR2
- (a) Plut. Ant. 6.4

Career-overlap (2) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

C. Julius Caesar (): 59 BCE (Consul) , 49 BCE (Dictator) , 46 BCE (Consul, Dictator)

M. Favonius (): 59 BCE (Quaestor) , 49 BCE (Praetor)

A. Allienus

2 magistracies

MT: No further comments in MRR2

Sources (1)

Broughton, MRR2
- Cic. Att. 10.15.3.

Career-overlap (1) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

L. Roscius Fabatus (): 55 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs) , 49 BCE (Praetor)

C. Coponius

1 magistracy

Broughton: Along with Marcellus, he was in command of the Rhodian section of Pompey's fleet (a). See also (b)

Sources (2)

Broughton, MRR2
- (a) Caes. BC 3.5.3
- (b) Cic. Att. 8.12A.4; Grueber, CRRBM 2.468; cf. Vell. 2.83.3.

M. Favonius

3 magistracies , aged 41 at this time

Broughton: An unsuccessful candidate for the praetorship of 50 (a), yet an ex-Praetor in 48 (b).

Sources (2)

Broughton, MRR2
- (a) Gael. in Cic. Fam. 8.9.5
- (b) Vell. 2.53.1

Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

M. Aemilius Lepidus Paullus (cos. 46) (): 59 BCE (Quaestor) , 49 BCE (Praetor)

C. Claudius Marcellus (cos. 49) (): 52 BCE (Praetor) , 49 BCE (Consul)

C. Julius Caesar (): 59 BCE (Consul) , 49 BCE (Dictator)

L. Caecilius Metellus (): 52 BCE (Quaestor) , 49 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs)

M. Antonius (cos. 44) (): 52 BCE (Quaestor) , 49 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs)

L. Manlius Torquatus (pr. 49)

1 magistracy , aged 40 at this time

MT: No further comments in MRR2

Sources (1)

Broughton, MRR2
- Caes. BC 1.24.2-3; cf. Cic. Att. 9.8.1. A Pr. Designate in Cic. Fin. 2.74. See also Cic. Att. 7.12.4; 8.11B.1

L. Roscius Fabatus

2 magistracies

Broughton: He was perhaps the author of a law to grant citizenship to the Transpadanes (a).

Sources (2)

Broughton, MRR2
- Cic. Att. 8.12.2; Caes. BC 1.3.6, and 8.4; cf. 1.10.1; Dio 41.5.2; see below, Legates, Envoys.
- (a) CIL 12.2.600, dated March 11; cf. Tac. Ann. 11.24; Dio 41.36.3; but see Niccolini, FTP 441, and appendix; FIRA 1.176f., no. 20

Career-overlap (1) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

A. Allienus (): 55 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs) , 49 BCE (Praetor)

P. Rutilius Lupus (pr. 49)

probable

2 magistracies

MT: No further comments in MRR2

Sources (1)

Broughton, MRR2
- Cic. Att. 8.12A.4, cf. 9.1.2; Caes. BC 1.24.3.

Career-overlap (1) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

C. Claudius Marcellus (cos. 49) (): 56 BCE (Aedile) , 49 BCE (Consul)

C. Sosius

2 magistracies

Broughton: He should be distinguished from Antony's Legate, C. Sosius, who became Consul in 32.

Sources (1)

Broughton, MRR2
- Cic. Att. 8.6. 1; 9. 1.2.

Aediles

C. Vibius Pansa Caetronianus (cos. 43)

probable

4 magistracies , aged 40 at this time

Broughton: Grueber suggests that the Ceres type on his coins indicates that he was Aedile (of the Plebs) in this year (a). See Dio 41.36.2, who says there were no Aediles in the city.

Sources (1)

Broughton, MRR2
- (a) CRRBM 1.509-510 Dio 41.36.2

Career-overlap (3) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

Q. Pedius (cos. suff. 43) (): 48 BCE (Praetor) , 43 BCE (Consul)

A. Hirtius (): 48 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs) , 43 BCE (Consul)

C. Julius Caesar (): 49 BCE (Dictator) , 48 BCE (Consul, Dictator)

Quaestors

Marcius Rufus

Africa

1 magistracy

Broughton: Served under Curio in Africa (a; see below, Promagistrates, on Curio).

Sources (1)

Broughton, MRR2
- (a) Caes. BC 2.23.5, and 24.1, and 43.1

Cn. Nerius

1 magistracy

Broughton: Issued coins with the names of the Consuls of this year (a).

Sources (1)

Broughton, MRR2
- (a) Grueber, CRRBM 1.504

Sex. Quinctilius Varus (pr. before 42)

Corfinium; Africa

1 magistracy

Broughton: With Domitius Ahenobarbus at Corfinium, and later with Attius Varus in Africa (a; see Promagistrates, on Attius Varus).

Sources (1)

Broughton, MRR2
- (a) Caes. BC 1.23.2; 2.28

Tribune of the Plebs

M. Antonius (cos. 44)

5 magistracies , aged 34 at this time

Broughton: Elected with Caesarian support (a; see 50, Augurs), he attacked Pompey upon entering office in December 50 (b), and in January, along with Q. Cassius, supported Caesar's interests with the tribunician veto until the last decree was passed and the Tribunes fled to Caesar (c). From Caesar he received military command (see below, Promagistrates), and during Caesar's dictatorship carried a law to restore the children of the proscribed (d), and one to restore a goodly number of those who had been condemned under the Pompeian law of 52 (e; see above, Dictator).

Sources (5)

Broughton, MRR2
- (a) Hirt. in Caes. BG 8.50.1-3; Plut. Ant. 5.1
- (b) Cic. Att. 7.8.5
- (c) Caes. BC 1. 1-8, and 32; Cic. Fam. 16.11.2; Att. 7.9.2; Phil. 2.50-55; Liv. Per. 109; Suet. Iul. 29-31; Plut. Ant. 5-6; Caes. 30-31; Pomp. 59; App. BC 2.32-33, and 41; Dio 41.1-3, and 15; 45.27; Oros. 6.15.2; Zonax. 10.8
- (d) Dio 41.18.2; 44.47.4; Suet. Iul. 41; Plut. Caes. 37; Zonar. 10.8
- (e) Cic. Phil. 2.55-56, and 98; Att. 10.4.8,; Caes. BC 3.1.4; Suet. Iul. 41; Plut. Caes. 37; App. BC 2.48; Dio 41.36.2; 42.24.2; Zonar. 10.8

Career-overlap (1) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

C. Julius Caesar (): 49 BCE (Dictator) , 44 BCE (Consul, Dictator)

Aurelius Cotta (not in RE)

1 magistracy

Broughton: Probably a colleague of Metellus (a; see below, on Metellus).

Sources (1)

Broughton, MRR2
- (a) Lucan 3.143; Niccolini, FTP 330, 333

L. Caecilius Metellus

2 magistracies

Broughton: He attempted to forbid Caesar access to the sacred treasury (a).

Sources (2)

Broughton, MRR2
- Cic. Att. 9.6.3.
- (a) Cic. Att. 10.4.8, and 8.6; Caes. BC 1.33.3; Lucan 3.114-168; Plut. Pomp. 62; Caes. 35.3-4; Apophth. Caes. 8; App. BC 2.41; Flor. 2.13.21; Dio 41.17.2; Zonar. 10.8

Career-overlap (4) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

M. Antonius (cos. 44) (): 52 BCE (Quaestor) , 49 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs)

Q. Cassius Longinus (): 52 BCE (Quaestor) , 49 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs)

C. Claudius Marcellus (cos. 49) (): 52 BCE (Praetor) , 49 BCE (Consul)

M. Favonius (): 52 BCE (Aedile) , 49 BCE (Praetor)

C. Cassius Longinus (pr. 44)

3 magistracies , aged 33 at this time

Broughton: Anti-Caesarian (a).

Sources (1)

Broughton, MRR2
- (a) Cic. Att. 7.21.2-5, and 23.1, and 24, and 25; Auct. Vir. Ill. 83.4

Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

M. Junius Brutus (pr. 44) (): 53 BCE (Quaestor) , 44 BCE (Praetor)

L. Marcius Philippus (cos. suff. 38) (): 49 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs) , 44 BCE (Praetor)

M. Antonius (cos. 44) (): 49 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs) , 44 BCE (Consul)

C. Julius Caesar (): 49 BCE (Dictator) , 44 BCE (Consul, Dictator)

M. Aemilius Lepidus Paullus (cos. 46) (): 53 BCE (Aedile) , 49 BCE (Praetor)

Q. Cassius Longinus

2 magistracies , aged 30 at this time

Broughton: Pro-Caesarian (a). With Antony (see above) he supported Caesar in the Senate in early January and departed to join him when the last decree was passed (b; see above, on M. Antonius). He received military command from Caesar and went with him to Spain (c; see Promagistrates).

Sources (3)

Broughton, MRR2
- (a) Cic. Att. 6.8.2
- (b) Caes. BC 1.1-8; Cic. Fam. 16.11.2; Liv. Per. 109; Plut. Ant. 5.5; App. BC 2.33; Dio 41.1-3; Oros. 6.15.2; Zonar. 10.8
- (c) Cic. Att. 7.18.2; Caes. BC 2.19.1

Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

L. Caecilius Metellus (): 52 BCE (Quaestor) , 49 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs)

M. Antonius (cos. 44) (): 52 BCE (Quaestor) , 49 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs)

C. Claudius Marcellus (cos. 49) (): 52 BCE (Praetor) , 49 BCE (Consul)

M. Favonius (): 52 BCE (Aedile) , 49 BCE (Praetor)

C. Cassius Longinus (pr. 44) (): 49 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs)

L. Marcius Philippus (cos. suff. 38)

3 magistracies , aged 40 at this time

Broughton: Vetoed the proposal to send Faustus Sulla to secure Mauretanian allies for Pompey (a).

Sources (1)

Broughton, MRR2
- (a) Caes. BC 1.6.4; see PIR 2.338, no. 173

Career-overlap (4) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member

L. Cornelius Lentulus (Cruscellio?) (): 44 BCE (Praetor) , 38 BCE (Consul)

C. Cassius Longinus (pr. 44) (): 49 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs) , 44 BCE (Praetor)

M. Antonius (cos. 44) (): 49 BCE (Tribune of the Plebs) , 44 BCE (Consul)

C. Julius Caesar (): 49 BCE (Dictator) , 44 BCE (Consul, Dictator)

? Rubrius (5)

1 magistracy

Broughton: Carried a law conceming Cisalpine Gaul (in 49?, see Niccolini, FTP 441; FIRA 1.169-175, no. 19).

Sources (1)

Broughton, MRR2
- Niccolini, FTP 441; FIRA 1.169-175, no. 19