Dictators
Broughton: He was elected by the centuriate assembly, under the presidency of an Interrex, as Dictator to write the laws and reconstitute the state (a). His past acts as Consul and Proconsul were ratified, and he received full power for present and future measures (b). See below, Promagistrates; and, for his legislation, 81, Dictator. The exact date of the beginning of Sulla's dictatorship is not stated in our sources, but must be later than the battle at the Colline Gate on November 1 (c). Both Consuls died in office (d) before the appointment of the Interrex and Sulla's election (e). Massacres and the proscription had begun immediately after November 1 before the death of the Consuls (f). The date must therefore be placed at an interval, probably a short interval, after November 1 and before the end of the year. This inference finds support in the analogy which Cicero finds (g) between the position of Caesar in 49 and that of Sulla in 82. Lange (3.153f.) holds that the regular continuance of the tribunate of the plebs is an indication that Sulla became Dictator and carried some of his legislation before the Tribunes of 81 entered office on December 10. Possibly so, but I doubt if this is decisive evidence, since the leges sacratae protected the tribunate from interruption. See Careopino, Sylla 47.
Sources (8)
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Broughton, MRR2
- CIL 12.2.720-724, and 2508; OGIS 440; Fast. Cap., Degrassi 54f., 130, 484f.
- (a) Cic. Att. 9.15.2; Fast. Cap.; Plut. Sull. 33.1; App. BC 1.3, and 98-99
- (b) Cic. Roso. Amer. 125; Verr. 2.3.82; Leg. Agr. 3.5; Leg. 1.42; Plut. Sull. 33; App. BC 1.99-100; cf. Cic. Quinct. 76; Dom. 43; Har. Resp. 54; Phil. 5.17 and 44; Att. 8.11.2; Fin. 3.75; Sall. Hist. 1.55M; Dion. Hal. 5.77.4-5; Liv. Per. 89; Vell. 2.28.2; Val. Max. 5.2.9; Ascon. 31-32C; Senec. Clement. 1.12.1-2
- (c) Vell. 2.27.1
- (d) Val. Max. 6.2.8; 9.13.2
- (e) App. BC 1.98
- (f) Oros. 5.20.9
- (g) Att. 9.15.2
Consuls
Broughton: Marius, elected Consul at the age of 26, was routed by Sulla at Sacriportus, and besieged for a long time in Praeneste, where, after attempts to relieve him proved unsuccessful, he met his death while trying to escape (a). Carbo, when checked in Picenum by Metellus and Pompey, turned to face Sulla in Etruria, but met reverses here too. He failed to relieve his Legate Carrinas in Spoletium, lost Cisalpine Gaul, and was unable to relieve Marius at Praeneste; so he deserted his army and took refuge in Africa (b). He then moved to join Perperna in Sicily, but was captured and put to death1 by Pompey (c).
Sources (4)
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Broughton, MRR2
- Cic. Leg. Agr. 3.6-7 and 11; Phil. 8.7; 13.1; Fast. Cap., Degrassi 54f., 130, 484f.; Val. Max. 7.6.4; Vell. 2.26. 1, and 27. 1; Plin. NH 7.158 and 165; App. BC 1.87, and 98; Eutrop. 5.8; Chr. 354 (Gratilliano et Carbo III); Fast. Hyd.; Chr. Pasc.; Augustin. CD 3.28; Cassiod.; and on Carbo, Val. Max. 7.6.4; 9.7.3, and 13.2.
- (a) Cic. Rosc. Amer. 90; Sall. Hist. 1.35, and 36 M; Diod. 37.29.4; 38.12-15; Jacoby, FGrH 2 B. 115 1, no. 252; Liv. Per. 86-88; Strabo 5.3.11, 239c; Vell. 2.26-27; Val. Max. 6.8.2; Fenestella fr. 16 Peter; Plin. NH 33.16; Plut. Mar. 46.5-6; Sull. 28.4-29.8; 32.1; Sert. 6.1; Brut. 29.4; App. BC 1.87-94; Flor. 2.9.21-25; Dio 30-35 fr. 108.1-2; Eutrop. 5.8.1; Auct. Vir. Ill. 68; 75.8-9; Iul. Exup. 5: and 8; Ampel. 42.2; Oros. 5.20.6, and 21.8-10
- (b) Sall. Hist. 1.38 M; Liv. Per. 88; Val. Max. 6.2.10; Plin. NE 8.221; Plut. Sull. 28.8; 29.4; Pomp. 7.3; 8.4-6; Sert. 6.1; cf. 22.3; Brut. 29.4; App. BC 1.87-93; Flor. 2.9.21; Eutrop. 5.8.2; Auct. Vir. Ill. 75.8; Iul. Exup. 5, and 8; Ampel. 42; Augustin. CD 3.28; Oros. 5.20.5 and 7, and 21.3
- (c) Cic. Fam. 9.21.3; Att. 9.14.2; Sall. Ad Caes. 1.4; Hist. 1.52 M; Liv. Per. 89; Val. Max. 5.3.5; 6.2.8; 9.13.2; Lucan 2.548, and Schol. Bern. p. 83U; Plut. Pomp. 10.1-4; App. BC 1.96; Flor. 2.9.26; Eutrop. 5.8.2, and 9.1; Oros. 5.21.11, and 24.16; Schol. Groib. 320 Stangl
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member
Cn. Papirius Carbo (): 82 BCE (Consul)
L. Cornelius Sulla Felix (): 82 BCE (Dictator)
C. Carrinas (): 82 BCE (Praetor)
L. Junius Brutus Damasippus (): 82 BCE (Praetor)
M. Perperna Vento Sicily (): 82 BCE (Praetor)
Broughton: Marius, elected Consul at the age of 26, was routed by Sulla at Sacriportus, and besieged for a long time in Praeneste, where, after attempts to relieve him proved unsuccessful, he met his death while trying to escape (a). Carbo, when checked in Picenum by Metellus and Pompey, turned to face Sulla in Etruria, but met reverses here too. He failed to relieve his Legate Carrinas in Spoletium, lost Cisalpine Gaul, and was unable to relieve Marius at Praeneste; so he deserted his army and took refuge in Africa (b). He then moved to join Perperna in Sicily, but was captured and put to death1 by Pompey (c).
Sources (4)
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Broughton, MRR2
- Cic. Leg. Agr. 3.6-7 and 11; Phil. 8.7; 13.1; Fast. Cap., Degrassi 54f., 130, 484f.; Val. Max. 7.6.4; Vell. 2.26. 1, and 27. 1; Plin. NH 7.158 and 165; App. BC 1.87, and 98; Eutrop. 5.8; Chr. 354 (Gratilliano et Carbo III); Fast. Hyd.; Chr. Pasc.; Augustin. CD 3.28; Cassiod.; and on Carbo, Val. Max. 7.6.4; 9.7.3, and 13.2.
- (a) Cic. Rosc. Amer. 90; Sall. Hist. 1.35, and 36 M; Diod. 37.29.4; 38.12-15; Jacoby, FGrH 2 B. 115 1, no. 252; Liv. Per. 86-88; Strabo 5.3.11, 239c; Vell. 2.26-27; Val. Max. 6.8.2; Fenestella fr. 16 Peter; Plin. NH 33.16; Plut. Mar. 46.5-6; Sull. 28.4-29.8; 32.1; Sert. 6.1; Brut. 29.4; App. BC 1.87-94; Flor. 2.9.21-25; Dio 30-35 fr. 108.1-2; Eutrop. 5.8.1; Auct. Vir. Ill. 68; 75.8-9; Iul. Exup. 5: and 8; Ampel. 42.2; Oros. 5.20.6, and 21.8-10
- (b) Sall. Hist. 1.38 M; Liv. Per. 88; Val. Max. 6.2.10; Plin. NE 8.221; Plut. Sull. 28.8; 29.4; Pomp. 7.3; 8.4-6; Sert. 6.1; cf. 22.3; Brut. 29.4; App. BC 1.87-93; Flor. 2.9.21; Eutrop. 5.8.2; Auct. Vir. Ill. 75.8; Iul. Exup. 5, and 8; Ampel. 42; Augustin. CD 3.28; Oros. 5.20.5 and 7, and 21.3
- (c) Cic. Fam. 9.21.3; Att. 9.14.2; Sall. Ad Caes. 1.4; Hist. 1.52 M; Liv. Per. 89; Val. Max. 5.3.5; 6.2.8; 9.13.2; Lucan 2.548, and Schol. Bern. p. 83U; Plut. Pomp. 10.1-4; App. BC 1.96; Flor. 2.9.26; Eutrop. 5.8.2, and 9.1; Oros. 5.21.11, and 24.16; Schol. Groib. 320 Stangl
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member
L. Cornelius Cinna (cos. 87) (): 85 BCE (Consul) , 84 BCE (Consul)
C. Marius (): 82 BCE (Consul)
M. Marius Gratidianus (): 85 BCE (Praetor) , 84 BCE (Praetor)
A. Sempronius Asellio (): 89 BCE (Praetor)
Ap. Claudius Pulcher (): 89 BCE (Praetor)
Praetors
Broughton: Issued coins in Rome (a). Driven from Sardinia by Sulla's Legate, Marcius Philippus, and killed (b).
Sources (2)
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Broughton, MRR2
- (a) Grueber, CRRBM 1.344f.; cf. Val. Max. 7.6.4
- (b) Liv. Per. 86
Broughton: Praetor (a) under the command of Papirius Carbo (b). He was defeated by Metellus on the Aesis in Umbria, and at Spoletium by Pompey and Licinius Crassus, then, escaping from Spoletium, he joined Papirius Carbo in Etruria, and when the latter fled to Africa led his army to join the Samnites, and was put to death at Sulla's command after the battle at the Colline Gate (c).
Sources (3)
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member
L. Junius Brutus Damasippus (): 82 BCE (Praetor)
M. Perperna Vento Sicily (): 82 BCE (Praetor)
P. Magius (): 82 BCE (Praetor)
Q. Antonius Balbus Sardinia (): 82 BCE (Praetor)
C. Marius (): 82 BCE (Consul)
Broughton: At the bidding of the Consul Marius, he executed Mucius Scaevola the Pontifex Maximus, Carbo Arvina, L. Domitius, P. Antistius, and other opposing leaders (a). He joined Papirius Carbo in Etruria, aided attempts to relieve Marius in Praeneste, and was killed at Sulla's command after the battle at the Colline Gate (b).
Sources (3)
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Broughton, MRR2
- Liv. Per. 86; Vell. 2.26.2; Val. Max. 9.2.3; App. BC 1.88; Oros. 5.20.4.
- (a) Cic. Fam. 9.21.2; Rosc. Amer. 90; Sall. Cat. 51.32 and 34; Hist. 1.77.7M; Liv. Per. 86; Vell. 2.26.2; Val. Max. 9.2.3; Plut. Pomp. 9.2-3; App. BC 1.88; Oros. 5.20.4; on Scaevola, see Pontifices
- (b) Sall. Cat. 51; App. BC 1.92, cf. 95; Dio 30-35, fr. 109.4
Broughton: Two sons of Minatus Magius of Aeclanum attained the praetorship before 81 (a).
Sources (1)
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Broughton, MRR2
- (a) Vell. 2.16.3
Career-overlap (5) Magistrates with the closest career overlap; red font indicates family member
C. Carrinas (): 82 BCE (Praetor)
L. Junius Brutus Damasippus (): 82 BCE (Praetor)
M. Perperna Vento Sicily (): 82 BCE (Praetor)
Q. Antonius Balbus Sardinia (): 82 BCE (Praetor)
C. Marius (): 82 BCE (Consul)
Broughton: The Marian governor of Sicily, whom Papirius Carbo attempted to join after his flight to Africa. When driven out by Pompey he fled to Sertorius in Spain (a).
Sources (1)
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Broughton, MRR2
- (a) Diod. 38.14; Val. Max. 6.2.8; Plut. Pomp. 10.1-2; cf. Liv. Per. 89; App. BC 1.96; see Consuls, on Carbo; and Promagistrates, on Pompey
Aediles
Broughton: To be dated between 87 and 82 because of occurrence of his coins in the Monte Codruzzo hoard
Sources (1)
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Broughton, MRR2
- Grueber, CRRBM 1.332; cf. Mommsen, RMW 608; and Sydenham lxii, ca. 83.
Tribune of the Plebs
Broughton: A Tribune of the Plebs (Serv. Ad Aen. 1.277), who revealed the secret name of Rome, and soon expiated his offence by death (a). Cichorius identifies him with the scholar whom Pompey put to death in Sicily (b).
Sources (2)
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Broughton, MRR2
- (a) Serv.; Plin. NH 3.65; Plut. Rom. Quaest. 61; Solin. 1.4; cf. Plin. NH 28.18; Macrob. Sat. 3.9.3 and 5; Lyd. Mens. 4.73
- (b) Cic. De Or. 3.43; Plut. Pomp. 10.4; see Cichorius Hermes 41 [1906] 59; Niccolini, FTP 430f.